• Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1 year): Developing trust when caregivers provide reliability, care, and affection.
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-3 years): Developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
  • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 years): Asserting control and power over the environment, leading to a sense of purpose.
  • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years): Coping with new social and academic demands, leading to a sense of competence.
  • Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-18 years): Developing a personal identity and sense of self.
  • Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood): Forming intimate relationships with others.
  • Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood): Contributing to society and helping to guide future generations.
  • Integrity vs. Despair (late adulthood): Reflecting on life and feeling a sense of fulfillment or regret.